The importance of normal blood glucose (sugar) levels is related to the prevention of some of the complications of high blood sugar. Your healthcare team can help you set the blood glucose target range that is right for you. If your blood glucose level in not within the ideal or normal blood glucose range you may begin to experience type 2 diabetes symptoms as well as the symptoms of low or high blood sugar. Symptoms of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes include hyperglycemia or high blood glucose and things like more hunger or thirst than usual, frequent urination, dry or itchy skin, fatigue, blurred vision, frequent infections and slow healing of cuts. Some people do not have symptoms probably due to gradually blood sugar levels over the years. Mild symptoms may go unnoticed. Also, people differ in their awareness of symptoms.

You may wonder how diabetes can go undiagnosed when one gets a physical every year. Unless you have symptoms that alert you to the fact that additional diabetes testing may need to be done the necessary test may not be performed. One reason may be that a fasting blood sugar at the time of your annual physical may be normal. Likewise, a random blood glucose level at the time of your physical may be normal. If HgbA1C is done at a physical it may, also, be normal if the person is experiencing lows as well as highs in blood sugar. HgbA1C represents an average blood sugar range.

Noticing of unusual body symptoms and relaying those to your health care provider is important to diagnosing of diabetes. Mentioning those symptoms may result in more tests being performed. There are other tests like a 2 hour glucose test in which the monitoring of blood glucose levels takes place every one-half hour after drinking a specially formulated drink with a known amount of carbohydrate. This 2 hour glucose test can help diagnose diabetes that could be missed with fasting or random blood sugar testing. It is often used with a family history of diabetes so family history is an important piece of information to relay to your health care provider as well.

A diabetic may still have high blood glucose even after treatment so this is why self monitoring of blood glucose is very important to check to see if blood sugar levels are normal. With hyperglycemia or high blood sugar your diabetes is out of control. Factors that cause blood glucose to increase include more food than usual, emotional stress, infection, physical stress like being in pain or being sick, getting less exercise than usual, not taking enough or the right diabetes medication, and extra sugar produced by the liver.

Blood sugar levels are considered to be above normal when they rise above 100 or 120 mg/dL before meals or above 140 or 160 mg/dL 2 hours after a meal. This happens to everyone with diabetes at times but if this happens often, it is problematic and needs attention. It is important to keep blood glucose levels normal to help prevent the symptoms and complications of type 2 diabetes as outlined above. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 1.5 or 3 diabetes will be outlined in another topic.

I;m studying endocrinology (on my own, reviewing for an admissions test), i am just confused on how type 2 diabetes is correlated with obesity when type 2 diabetes is essentially your body not responding to insulin and i know that insulin converts glucose into glycogen and fat. I cant put 2 + 2 together because if your body does not respond to insulin, then no one is there to convert all the glucose you ate into fat anymore, wouldnt that result in weight loss rather than obesity? what went wrong with my reasoning?

Insulin is necessary for the transport of blood glucose (sugar) into the cells of muscle and fat (which is then used for energy). By transporting glucose into cells, insulin keeps the blood glucose levels in the normal range. Insulin resistance (IR) is the condition whereby the effectiveness of insulin in transporting glucose (sugar) into cells is diminished. Fat cells are more insulin resistant than muscle cells; therefore, one important cause of insulin resistance is obesity. The pancreas initially responds to insulin resistance by producing more insulin. As long as the pancreas can produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, blood glucose levels remain normal. This insulin resistance state (characterized by normal blood glucose levels and high insulin levels) can last for years. Once the pancreas can no longer keep up with producing high levels of insulin, blood glucose levels begin to rise, resulting in type 2 diabetes.

insulin is anabolic, and is a hormone that likes to store fat,so one may put on weight during period of high insulin level.

something different may happen,If blood sugars are very high, patients with diabetes tend to urinate a lot, and this results in dehydration as a possible cause of weight loss. Also, muscle breakdown can occur if sugars are too high, causing an unhealthy weight loss. Actually, many patients with diabetes present for the first time to their doctor’s office because of unexplained loss of weight.

I;m studying endocrinology (on my own, reviewing for an admissions test), i am just confused on how type 2 diabetes is correlated with obesity when type 2 diabetes is essentially your body not responding to insulin and i know that insulin converts glucose into glycogen and fat. I cant put 2 + 2 together because if your body does not respond to insulin, then no one is there to convert all the glucose you ate into fat anymore, wouldnt that result in weight loss rather than obesity? what went wrong with my reasoning?

Insulin is necessary for the transport of blood glucose (sugar) into the cells of muscle and fat (which is then used for energy). By transporting glucose into cells, insulin keeps the blood glucose levels in the normal range. Insulin resistance (IR) is the condition whereby the effectiveness of insulin in transporting glucose (sugar) into cells is diminished. Fat cells are more insulin resistant than muscle cells; therefore, one important cause of insulin resistance is obesity. The pancreas initially responds to insulin resistance by producing more insulin. As long as the pancreas can produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, blood glucose levels remain normal. This insulin resistance state (characterized by normal blood glucose levels and high insulin levels) can last for years. Once the pancreas can no longer keep up with producing high levels of insulin, blood glucose levels begin to rise, resulting in type 2 diabetes.

insulin is anabolic, and is a hormone that likes to store fat,so one may put on weight during period of high insulin level.

something different may happen,If blood sugars are very high, patients with diabetes tend to urinate a lot, and this results in dehydration as a possible cause of weight loss. Also, muscle breakdown can occur if sugars are too high, causing an unhealthy weight loss. Actually, many patients with diabetes present for the first time to their doctor’s office because of unexplained loss of weight.

This was a topic dicussed a little in a previous post. I took my 3 year old to the doctor with symptoms of excessive thirst, excessive urination, leg aches, and headaches. Her urine culture came back with sugar in her urine. Blood work was done but the sugar in her blood is normal. More blood tests are being run (we don’t have all the results yet) but so far everything looks normal. After reading more about Type 1 Diabetes it seems she has even more symptoms than even the ones above such as excessive hunger, complains that her tummy hurts, goes crazy after eating candy, craves starch, and bedwetting. It sounds like Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms however her blood sugar levels are coming back normal. Is possible this could still be Renal glycosuria or is possible to be on the verge of Type 1 Diabetes? My doctor is consulting with a Endricronologist but I would like to learn as much as possible to be prepared.

Diabetes can be misdiagnosed. You have to make sure that your doctor is aware of every symptom. As you may know Type 1 diabetes is an onset disease which can spark at any time during one’s young life time. Close monitoring is key. If bloodsugars are coming back normal then it could be the case where "borderline diabetes" is taking place, which is causing peak stages in sugar levels after eating sugars where the body is taking longer to control these levels. Once again monitor this situation very very closely. If you think you are monitoring it all you can, its still not enough. Ask your doctor or endocrinologist for a hemoglobin A1C test to see if your childs sugar levels are bouncing around. This test will give you about a 6 month average bloodsugar level reading and is used to judge a diabetic’s all around management.

This was a topic dicussed a little in a previous post. I took my 3 year old to the doctor with symptoms of excessive thirst, excessive urination, leg aches, and headaches. Her urine culture came back with sugar in her urine. Blood work was done but the sugar in her blood is normal. More blood tests are being run (we don’t have all the results yet) but so far everything looks normal. After reading more about Type 1 Diabetes it seems she has even more symptoms than even the ones above such as excessive hunger, complains that her tummy hurts, goes crazy after eating candy, craves starch, and bedwetting. It sounds like Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms however her blood sugar levels are coming back normal. Is possible this could still be Renal glycosuria or is possible to be on the verge of Type 1 Diabetes? My doctor is consulting with a Endricronologist but I would like to learn as much as possible to be prepared.

Diabetes can be misdiagnosed. You have to make sure that your doctor is aware of every symptom. As you may know Type 1 diabetes is an onset disease which can spark at any time during one’s young life time. Close monitoring is key. If bloodsugars are coming back normal then it could be the case where "borderline diabetes" is taking place, which is causing peak stages in sugar levels after eating sugars where the body is taking longer to control these levels. Once again monitor this situation very very closely. If you think you are monitoring it all you can, its still not enough. Ask your doctor or endocrinologist for a hemoglobin A1C test to see if your childs sugar levels are bouncing around. This test will give you about a 6 month average bloodsugar level reading and is used to judge a diabetic’s all around management.

which has damaged her kidneys. as the disease have progressed, the edema she experiences has worsened. why?

-liver damage prevents her from making suffiecient plasma proteins

- kidney daage allows some of her plasma protein to be excreted

-kidney damage allows olittle fluid to accumuate in the bowmans capsule

- kidney damage allows some of her plasma protein to be excreted

excess glucose in the urine (glucosuria) tends to happen with patients exhibiting type 2 diabetes. this glucose should not be going through the glomerular filtration barrier within bowman’s capsule as its molecular weight is too high. thus i believe that her serum albumin levels would be low as the GFR has been broken down, allowing other biological molecules (albumin, aka a protein) to be lost within the urine. thus serum albumin levels are depressed.

which has damaged her kidneys. as the disease have progressed, the edema she experiences has worsened. why?

-liver damage prevents her from making suffiecient plasma proteins

- kidney daage allows some of her plasma protein to be excreted

-kidney damage allows olittle fluid to accumuate in the bowmans capsule

- kidney damage allows some of her plasma protein to be excreted

excess glucose in the urine (glucosuria) tends to happen with patients exhibiting type 2 diabetes. this glucose should not be going through the glomerular filtration barrier within bowman’s capsule as its molecular weight is too high. thus i believe that her serum albumin levels would be low as the GFR has been broken down, allowing other biological molecules (albumin, aka a protein) to be lost within the urine. thus serum albumin levels are depressed.

Part 3 / 5. Interview with Dr Neil Barnard from PCRM on how veganism can reverse and halt diabetes Type II.

Part 1 / 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRRYZ1Ffgko

Part 2 of 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=us0BqPtGLm0

Part 4 / 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZqX9wuV2Uw

Part 5 of 5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiIab6jBBOQ

Listen to this excellent podcast interview of Dr Neil Barnard about all the great benefits of adopting a plant based diet. It also focuses also on how one can reverse diabetes Type II by adopting a plant based vegan diet. You just click on this, http://www.abc.net.au/classic/throsby/ then go down to Wednesday Dec 3rd at 10.05am Dr. Neal Barnard, then click on one of 3 choices of Real Player | Windows Media | mp3 download .

Duration : 0:7:12